Fig 1.
Multilayer network formed by interactions between ants and plants that provide different food types.
Circles represent plant species and diamonds represent ant species. Lines represent interactions and line thickness is proportional to interaction frequency. Line color represents the type of resource used. See ant and plant species names in S1 and S2 Tables, respectively.
Table 1.
Values for complementary specialization (H2’), modularity (Q), weighted nestedness (WNODF), niche overlap for ants (Horn), and their respective significances (P) for different layers in a multilayer ant-plant network.
Fig 2.
Network layers formed by interactions between ants and plants with extrafloral nectaries, trophobionts, and flowers.
Circles represent plant species and diamonds represent ant species. Lines represent interactions between species and line thickness is proportional to interaction frequency. See ant and plant species codes in S1 and S2 Tables, respectively.
Table 2.
Structural comparison between resource types in the ant-plant multilayer network.
Fig 3.
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMDS) showing the similarity of most central ant species (A), and central plant species (B) among resource layers in the multilayer ant-plant network.
Points represent sampling sites and the polygons indicate significant differences (EFN = ant-extrafloral nectar, Flower = ant-flower, Tropho = ant-trophobiont).