Fig 1.
Wing morphology of Nyctalus noctula.
A) Right wing of N. noctula with 13 landmarks that were used to calculate individual bone lengths. The blue line represents the forearm length, the metacarpals are shown in orange, the proximal phalanges in yellow, the medial phalanx of digit 3 in cyan, and the distal phalanges are in green. B) Right wing of Nyctalus noctula showing the calculation of areas, and linear distances.
Fig 2.
Boxplots of forearm lengths (A), body mass (B), and body condition (C) of female (red) and male (blue) noctules. Females have longer forearms and higher body mass.
Table 1.
Summary statistics for noctule wing parameters.
Mean (± sd) for sex differences in wing shape and size variables collected from wing photos of 135 common noctules (94 female, 41 male).
Fig 3.
Wireframe shape distortions based on the first principal component in the geometric morphometric analysis.
No sex differences in wing shape were found.
Fig 4.
Principal component 1 vs 2 of Procrustes scaled coordinates in the geometric morphometric analysis.
The first two principal components account for a cumulative 51.1% and 68.1% of the variation, respectively.