Table 1.
Lipid composition of regular chow and saturated fat enriched chow.
Fig 1.
Molar abundance of lipid classes in plasma, hippocampus and cortex of mice fed regular chow or saturated fat enriched diet.
Plasma, hippocampus and cortex was isolated from mice fed regular chow or an SFA enriched diet, following six months of feeding. Samples were analysed and lipids quantitated by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Molar sums were calculated by summing individual molar abundance for individual lipid species. A. Molar abundance for lipid classes in plasma in mice fed regular chow or a SFA enriched diet for six months. Order is decreasing abundance for regular chow fed animals. B. Molar abundance of lipid classes (pmol/mg wet weight) observed in the hippocampus of mice fed regular chow or an SFA enriched diet. C. Molar abundance of lipid classes (pmol/mg wet weight) observed in the cortex of mice fed regular chow or an SFA enriched diet. n = 9–10 per group. Mean ± SEM.
Table 2.
Overview of lipid classes and most abundant species identified in mice fed regular chow.
Fig 2.
Fold changes in the molar abundance of lipid classes in plasma of mice fed regular chow or saturated fat enriched diet.
Plasma was collected from mice fed a regular chow or saturated fat diet for six months. Individual lipid species were quantitated with LC-ESI-MS/MS and the molar sum across lipid classes calculated. Changes in the molar abundance of lipid classes in plasma of mice fed regular chow or saturated fat enriched diets. Fold changes in lipid classes are relative to mean lipid class concentration in mice fed regular chow diets. Lipid classes are in the order of decreasing abundance for regular chow fed animals. * indicates p<0.05, data compared using Welch’s T-test and corrected for multiple comparisons by Benjamini-Hochberg. n = 9–10 per group. Mean ± SEM.
Fig 3.
Fold change in individual lipid species in the hippocampus and cortex of mice fed a saturated fat enriched diet, relative to mice fed regular chow.
Hippocampus and cortex was collected from mice fed a regular chow or saturated fat diet for six months. Individual lipid species were quantitated with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Fold changes in individual lipid species are relative to mean lipid species concentration in mice fed regular chow diets. Phosphatidylcholine species that significantly differed between mice in the (A) hippocampus and (B) cortex. Phosphatidylethanolamine species that significantly differed between mice in the (C) hippocampus and (D) cortex. Alkyl- and Alkenyl- phospholipid species that significantly differed between mice in the (E) hippocampus and (F) cortex. Other lipid species that significantly changed following consumption of a saturated fat enriched diet in the (G) hippocampus and (H) cortex. * indicates p<0.05, data compared using Welch’s T-test and corrected for multiple comparisons by Benjamini-Hochberg method. n = 9–10 per group. Mean ± SEM.
Fig 4.
Partial least squares loading plot for phosphatidylcholine species.
Wild-type mice were fed regular chow (n = 10) or a saturated fat enriched diet (n = 9) for six months. Plasma, hippocampus and cortex lipid species were quantitated with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Partial least squares regression was used to identify plasma lipid species that account for the major sources of variation within the (A) hippocampus and (B) cortex. Using the first latent variable for phosphatidylcholine species, loadings for plasma lipids are distributed on the X-axis, while loadings for hippocampus/cortex lipids are on the Y-axis. The X-axis is a measure of correlation to explaining the variation in the brain region. The Y-axis is a measure of correlation to the major source of variation in the brain region. Loadings are from the jack-knife resampled global model. Shown are the 95% most abundant PC species (22) in plasma.
Fig 5.
Partial least squares loading plot for phosphatidylethanolamine species.
Wild-type mice were fed regular chow (n = 10) or a saturated fat enriched diet (n = 9) for six months. Plasma, hippocampus and cortex lipid species were quantitated with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Partial least squares regression was used to identify plasma lipid species that account for the major sources of variation within the (A) hippocampus and (B) cortex. Using the first latent variable for phosphatidylethanolamine species, loadings for plasma lipids are distributed on the X-axis, while loadings for hippocampus/cortex lipids are on the Y-axis. The X-axis is a measure of correlation to explaining the variation in the brain region. The Y-axis is a measure of correlation to the major source of variation in the brain region. Loadings are from the jack-knife resampled global model.
Fig 6.
Partial least squares loading plot for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine species.
Wild-type mice were fed regular chow (n = 10) or a saturated fat enriched diet (n = 9) for six months. Plasma, hippocampus and cortex lipid species were quantitated with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Partial least squares regression was used to identify plasma lipid species that account for the major sources of variation within the (A) hippocampus and (B) cortex. Using the first latent variable for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine species, loadings for plasma lipids are distributed on the X-axis, while loadings for hippocampus/cortex lipids are on the Y-axis. The X-axis is a measure of correlation to explaining the variation in the brain region. The Y-axis is a measure of correlation to the major source of variation in the brain region. Loadings are from the jack-knife resampled global model.