Table 1.
Demographics, exposures, Clinical Characteristics, Pulmonary function and CT measurements of the study population stratified into five subgroups according to post bronchodilator spirometry (N = 1361).
Table 2.
Prevalence of CT measurements of the study population stratified into five subgroups according to post bronchodilator spirometry (N = 1361).
Fig 1.
Prevalence of respiratory bronchiolitis; air-trapping; bronchial wall thickening; emphysema; bronchiectasis.
Five study subgroups are: Normal (FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and never smoker); At Risk (FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and ever smoker); Mild COPD (FEV1/FVC < LLN and FEV1%Pred ≥ 80%); Moderate COPD (FEV1/FVC < LLN and 50% ≤ FEV1%Pred < 80%); Severe to very severe COPD (FEV1/FVC < LLN and FEV1%Pred < 50%). All P values are corrected by Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. P values<0.05: *ref = Normal; # Ref = At Risk; ϕ Ref = LLN Mild; θ Ref = LLN moderate.
Fig 2.
The relationship of bronchiolitis, Bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening, and emphysema with six Patient-Reported Outcomes.
The outcomes are: chronic cough; chronic phlegm; wheezing; dyspnea [mMRC scale ≥2]; COPD assessment test [CAT] score>10; and exacerbation ≥2 in 1 year follow-up). The Odds Ratio (aOR [95% CI]) were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, Pack-years, and FEV1. * p value <0.05.
Table 3.
The risk of visual CT variables on developing of patient-reported outcomes (data for Fig 2 in manuscript).