Fig 1.
An in situ photograph of Okeania erythroflocculosa collected from southern Florida reefs, with the structure of microcolin A inset.
Fig 2.
ROS production in larvae of P. astreoides.
ROS production is shown as green fluorescence in the coral larvae. Left panel is a larva that was incubated in seawater at 30.5°C and the right panel is a larva incubated at 27°C, both for 4.5 hours. The larvae are capable of muscular contraction, which enables them to elongate and compress. The images represent two specimens imaged in the same orientation just under different contraction phases, reflecting the plasticity of coral larval morphology. Inset in both panels is the red chlorophyll autofluorescence of the symbiotic zooxanthellae. The two larvae displayed are typical of the sampled groups (n = 15).
Fig 3.
Experiment 1, larval exposure to sequential stressors, 24 hour exposure to elevated seawater temperatures followed by a six day exposure to microcolin A.
Bars are untransformed means and error bars are +1 SE, shared letters above the bars indicate means that are not significantly different. (A) The percent of larval survival and (B) the percent of larval settlement after exposure to stress. (C) The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (D) of catalase (CAT) in the swimming coral larvae at the end of the experiment.
Fig 4.
Experiment 2, larval exposure to elevated seawater temperature and microcolin A concurrently.
Bars are untransformed means and error bars are +1 SE, shared letters above the bars indicate means that are not significantly different. (A) The percent of larval survival and (B) the percent of larval settlement after a four days exposure to the treatments. (C) The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (D) catalase (CAT) after four days of exposure. (E) Lipid hydroperoxide and (F) protein carbonylation content following four days of exposure to the treatments.