Table 1.
Statistics for intensification, self-sufficiency and eco-efficiency variables per system.
Fig 1.
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model for eco-efficiency, animal and farm-level intensification, and self-sufficiency.
LU: livestock unit; N: nitrogen; P: phosphorous; DEA: data envelopment analysis; INTENS-A: animal-level intensification; INTENS-F: farm-level intensification; SELF: self-sufficiency; ECO: eco-efficiency.
Fig 2.
Graphical summary of how the different elements of this study’s analysis integrate.
LCA: life cycle analysis; DEA: data envelopment analysis; PLS-SEM: partial least squares structural equation modelling; INTENS-A: animal-level intensification; INTENS-F: farm-level intensification; SELF: self-sufficiency; ECO: eco-efficiency.
Fig 3.
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model for eco-efficiency and intensification (including inverse-coded self-sufficiency variables).
LU: livestock unit; IC: inverse-coded; DEA: data envelopment analysis; INTENS-ALL: animal and farm-level intensification, as well as inverse-coded self-sufficiency; ECO: eco-efficiency.
Fig 4.
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model for eco-efficiency and intensification (self-sufficiency variables removed).
LU: livestock unit; DEA: data envelopment analysis; INTENS-AF: animal and farm-level intensification; ECO: eco-efficiency.
Table 2.
Path coefficients and their bootstrapped confidence intervals, standard errors, t-values and p-values for the final structural models for CSS and OSS.