Table 1.
Large scale studies of verbal fluency since 1999.
Table 2.
Mean scores and standard deviations from all experiments.
Fig 1.
Correct word scores in semantic (“animals”) and phonemic (letter “F”) conditions as a function of age.
The data are from Experiment 1, Experiment 2a, Experiment 3 (simulated malingering), and Experiment 4 (mild TBI = mTBI, filled red circles; severe TBI = sTBI, cross-hatched red circles). The age-regression slopes from Experiment 1 are shown.
Table 3.
Correlation matrix for the semantic (“animals”) condition in experiment 1.
Table 4.
Correlation matrix for the phonemic (letter “f”) condition in experiment 1.
Fig 2.
Correct-word z-scores in semantic and phonemic conditions.
Z-scores were derived after adjusting for education and computer-use using the regression equation from Experiment 1. The horizontal and vertical red lines show abnormality thresholds (p < 0.05) in semantic and phonemic conditions, respectively. The regression line is from the data in Experiment 1. See Fig 1 for further details.
Fig 3.
Rate of word production over 15 s intervals in semantic (top) and phonemic (bottom) conditions.
Error bars show standard errors for Experiment 1 data. See Fig 1 for further details.
Fig 4.
Correct word z-scores and semantic organization indices (SOIs) in the semantic (“animals”) conditions.
The regression line is from Experiment 1. See Fig 1 for further details.
Fig 5.
Correct-word scores in different semantic (top) and phonemic (bottom) tests in Experiment 2.
Semantic conditions were “animals”, “parts of the body”, and “foods”. Phonemic conditions were the letters “F”, “A”, and “S”.
Table 5.
Test-retest reliability of different measures in semantic and phonemic conditions of experiment 2.
Fig 6.
Semantic organization index (SOI) for different semantic categories.
Data from Experiment 2 showing the relationship between SOIs produced in different semantic categories, “animals” (ordinate) and “foods” and “body parts” (abscissa).
Table 6.
Malingering indices in subjects with abnormal semantic fluency z- scores.