Table 1.
Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment modality.
Fig 1.
CT scans, PET scans and MRI findings of the tumor and metastatic cervical lymph nodes.
The tumor was seen in the left nasal cavity, maxillary and ethmoidal sinus on CT scans (A1, B1and C1, red stars) and PET scans (A2, B2 and C2, red stars). MRI T1-weighted image showed a low-intense mass (A3 and B3, red circles) while T2-weighted image showed a relatively high-intense mass (C3 and D3, red circles). Metastatic cervical lymph nodes can been seen on CT scans (C1 and D1, yellow arrows) but more prominent on the PET scans (C2 and D2, yellow arrows).
Fig 2.
Pre- and post-operative CT scans.
Endoscopic surgery released intraorbital compression behind the left eyeball (A1 and A2, red star) and resected tumor mass in left nasal cavity, maxillary and ethmoidal sinus (A2, B1and B2). Elective neck dissection removed those metastatic cervical lymph nodes (C1 and C2, yellow arrows). Those post-operative CT scans were taken after 2 months of surgery.
Fig 3.
Histopathology characteristics of ONB.
H-E staining revealed a nest-like or cord-like tumor mass, showing uniform small cells with prominent round nuclei and eosinophilic fibrillary background (A, ×100). Pseudorosette formation (Homer-Wright rosettes) consisted of a ring of columnar cells and the presence of fibrillary material within the central space (B and C, yellow arrow, ×400). IHC staining for Ki-67 was 60% positive in all neoplastic cells (D, ×100) while staining for NSE was mild positive (E, ×400). LCA (CD45) was negative in ONB tissue but positive in lymphoid tissue (F, ×100). Tumor cells were metastatic into the lymphatic vessel (F, red arrow, ×100).
Fig 4.
Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the overall survival, using Log-rank test.
Survival curves were plotted based on potential prognostic factors respectively, which were T stage (A), N stage (B), M stage (C), modified Kadish stage (D), Hyams grade (E) and treatment modality (F). P values were as shown in each figure.
Table 2.
Follow-up and overall survival rates (OS).