Table 1.
Demographic and health-related characteristics of the Washington D.C. prostate cancer study by outcome.
Table 2.
Crude and adjusted prostate cancer estimates.
Fig 1.
Flow diagram of systematic literature search on zinc and the risk of prostate cancer.
Table 3.
Characteristics of papers included in the meta-analysis.
Fig 2.
Forest plot of included studies for the highest versus lowest meta-analysis, stratified by zinc intake (dietary, supplement, and total) or zinc status (serum, nail, and hair).
Fig 3.
Funnel plot of studies examining the association between zinc and prostate cancer incidence as a test for publication bias.
Fig 4.
Sensitivity analysis investigating the influence of each individual study on the overall meta-analysis of zinc and risk of prostate cancer.
The meta-analysis of all studies except the “omitted” study named on the left margin is presented as a horizontal confidence interval. The full, “combined” results are shown as the solid vertical lines.
Table 4.
Summary of the meta-analyses for the association of zinc and prostate cancer.
Fig 5.
Dose-response relations between zinc intake and RR of prostate cancer (P for nonlinearity = 0.0022).
The fitted nonlinear trend is represented by the solid line with the 95% confidence intervals line in long dashes. Lines with short dashes represent the linear trend.