Fig 1.
Side view of the flower showing the central flower parts: (a) reduced callus, (b) column, (c) stipe and (d) the hook-like viscidium. The diameter of the flower is approximately 5 cm. Photograph by M. Ayasse.
Fig 2.
Tachinid collected attracted by Telipogon peruvianus flowers.
(A) Males of diverse tachinid species (from left to right: Eudejeania aff. browni, Eudejeania subalpina, Eudejeania sp., Peleteria sp.) attracted by the flowers of Telipogon peruvianus. (B) Male of Eudejeania aff. browni with a pollinarium attached to its leg. (C) Dorsal view of a male and female of Eudejeania aff. browni. Photographs by H. Bellman.
Fig 3.
Eudejeania aff. browni male visiting a Telipogon peruvianus flower.
The male is performing pre-copulatory behaviour on a flower. Note the legs grasping the flower even before the male has landed. Photograph by M. Ayasse.
Fig 4.
Frequency of pollinator visits to Telipogon peruvianus flowers.
The number of male pollinators observed during the first interval of time (8:15–8:30 h) was significantly higher (*) than during the other intervals (Mann-Whitney-U test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, p<0.05). Bars denote error and the dotted line the pattern of visits along the observation time.
Fig 5.
Behavioural responses of Eudejeania aff. browni males to flowers of Telipogon peruvianus and female dummies.
The proportion (in percentage) of behavioural responses (i.e. inspection, approaching, touching, landing and pseudocopulation) of males in the presence of flowers (grey boxes) and female dummies (white boxes) was not significantly different, except for pseudocopulation (*) (Mann-Whitney-U test, p<0.05). Bars denote error.
Table 1.
Behavioural responses (in percentage; mean ± SD) of Eudejeania aff. browni males in presence of Telipogon peruvianus flowers (n = 37) and female dummies (n = 8).
Fig 6.
Comparative morphology of Telipogon peruvianus flower (mimic) and the pollinator’s female (model).
Arrows show the mimicked areas (callus and column) and their models (thorax and abdomen). Photographs by M Ayasse (left) and H Bellmann (right).
Fig 7.
SEM micrographs of Telipogon peruvianus flower and Eudejeania aff. browni female.
(A) Thorax of a Eudejeania aff. browni female and its bristle types. (B) Reduced callus of Telipogon peruvianus and its trichomes and conical epidermal cells. (C) Details of the short and large bristles of the thorax. (D) Details of a trichome and conical epidermal cells of the callus. Photographs by C Martel.
Fig 8.
Anatomical details of Telipogon peruvianus labellum.
(A) Transverse section showing the adaxial and abaxial epidermis and the mesophyll. (B) Conical epidermal cells (cc) on the adaxial epidermis with dense cytoplasm (cyt) and conspicuous nucleus (n). (C) Epidermal cells with dense cytoplasm (cyt). (D) raphide-containing idioblast (id) in the mesophyll. Note the chromocentres (c) inside the nuclei (n). Photographs by C Martel.
Fig 9.
Gas chromatogram of the labellum extract of Telipogon peruvianus.
Numbered peaks as in Table 2.
Table 2.
Chemical compounds identified by GC-MS in the labellum extract of Telipogon peruvianus.
Fig 10.
Dendrophorbium longilinguae (Asteraceae).
(A) Inflorescences of a shrub of Dendrophorbium longilinguae (Asteraceae). (B) Groups of several capitules hosting a Eudejeania aff. browni individual. Photographs by C Martel (left) and M Ayasse (right).