Table 1.
Regions of interest for language network [39].
Fig 1.
The depiction of regions of interest in Table 1.
L., left hemisphere; R., right hemisphere. aSTG, anterior superior temporal gyrus; pSTG, posterior superior temporal gyrus; IFG, pars triangularis of inferior frontal gyrus.
Fig 2.
Functional connectivity maps seeding in the left aSTG (first row), left pSTG (second row), right aSTG (third row) and left IFG (last row) in 3- and 5-year-olds.
The red-yellow color bar indicates significant positive connections with the seed. Maps display voxels showing significant correlations (Z ≥ 3.3, voxel-wise p < .001, cluster-wise p < .05, GRF corrected). L., left hemisphere; R., right hemisphere.
Fig 3.
Comparison of functional connectivity maps between 3- and 5-year-olds in left aSTG (A), left pSTG (B), right aSTG (C) and left IFG (D).
The red-yellow color bar indicates stronger connectivity in 5-year-olds, while the blue color bar indicates stronger connectivity in 3-year-olds. Maps display voxels showing significant differences between two age groups (|Z| ≥ 2.58, voxel-wise p < .01, cluster-wise p < .05, GRF corrected). L., left hemisphere; R., right hemisphere.
Table 2.
Comparison of functional connectivity maps between 3- and 5-year-olds.
Fig 4.
Significant hemispheric asymmetry of pSTG in both age groups (first row) and of IFG in 3-year-olds (second row).
The foci of the left hemisphere show significant asymmetric functional connectivity with their ipsilateral seeds, and the foci in the right hemisphere show significant asymmetric functional connectivity with their contralateral seeds, corrected for multiple comparisons (|Z| ≥ 2.58, voxel-wise p < .01, cluster-wise p < .05, GRF corrected). The red-yellow color bar indicates stronger connectivity for left seeds (i.e., left IFG, pSTG), while the blue color bar indicates stronger connectivity for right seeds (i.e., right IFG, pSTG). L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere.
Table 3.
Brain regions showing significant hemispheric asymmetry of functional connectivity with pSTG and IFG.
Fig 5.
Average connectivity strength in the regions with significant functional hemispheric asymmetry of pSTG (3-year-olds, A; 5-year-olds, B) and of IFG (3-year-olds, C).
The red color indicates connectivity strength calculated when seeded in the left pSTG/IFG; the blue color indicates connectivity strength calculated when seeded in the right pSTG/IFG. L., left hemisphere; R., right hemisphere; SPL, superior parietal lobe; SOG, superior occipital gyrus; MCC, middle cingulate cortex; MTG, middle temporal gyrus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; AnG, angular gyrus; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SMA, supplementary motor area. L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere.
Fig 6.
Group comparison of hemispheric asymmetry between 3- and 5-year-olds for pSTG (A) and IFG (B).
The red-yellow color bar indicates regions with stronger functional asymmetry in 5-year-olds than 3-year-olds, while the blue color bar indicates regions with stronger functional asymmetry in 3-year-olds than 5-year-olds. L, left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere.
Table 4.
Group comparison of hemispheric asymmetry between 3- and 5-year-olds for pSTG and IFG.