Fig 1.
Task and experimental stimuli.
(A) The 6 screen pictures represent the different stages of the task. (B) Stimuli: examples of the four possible conditions. In this example, the participants were asked to feed the orange animals (i.e, orange animals were Go trials and blue animals were Nogo trials). (1) Go Congruent (GC); (2) Go Incongruent (GI); (3) Nogo Congruent (NGC) and (4) Nogo Incongruent (NGI). The cue was presented in the top or in the bottom half of the screen. Four different animals for each color were used.
Fig 2.
Electrodes used for EEG analyses for children (A) and adults (B). Note: squares depict electrodes used for LRP calculation, circles those used for the frontal N2, triangles those used for the fronto-central N2, and diamonds those used for the central N2.
Table 1.
Mean (standard error) accuracy (% correct) and reaction time (ms) in children and adults, for each condition.
Fig 3.
Cue-locked LRP for Go Congruent (GC) (black dashed line), Go Incongruent (GI) (red dotted line) and Nogo Congruent (NGC) (blue solid line) conditions in children (A) and adults (B). Note that a negative deflection in the response preparation interval (before 0 ms) reflects a preparation in the direction of the cue; in the response execution interval (after 0 ms) continued negative deflection in Go Congruent trials and positive deflection in Go Incongruent trials reflect correct response preparation.
Fig 4.
Stimulus-locked grand average ERP waveforms in response to GC (black dashed line), GI (red dotted line) and NGC (blue solid line) at electrodes Fz, FCz and Cz, for children (A) and adults (D). Grand-averaged difference waveforms computed as GI–GC (green dashed line; interference suppression N2 effect) and NGC–GC (yellow solid line; response inhibition N2 effect) at electrodes Fz, FCz and Cz, in children (B) and adults (E). Note: The window used for N2 analysis in each group is marked by the grey area (300-400ms for the children and 200-300ms for the adults). The topographies represent the difference within each window of analysis for interference suppression (up) and response inhibition (down) in children (C) and adults (F). Please also note that the scale for the ERP waveforms is different between the children and adults’ data; being -15 +15 μV for the former (A) and -5 +5 μV for the latter (D)