Fig 1.
Example of two labels shown in a trial (symbol present, color coded, information grouped, box present).
Sections for the two labels are “yoked” so that the same section appears in the same area of each of the two labels (top and bottom). Users are asked to identify the product containing latex as quickly as possible by pressing ↑ for the top label or ↓ for the bottom label. Each of the labels (top and bottom) are presented at the same level of treatment with regard to color, grouping, symbol use or boxing of critical information.
Fig 2.
Color Coding for Critical Information.
In order to compare our labels which purposefully tested varied factors of graphic design with existing commercial labels, two label designs were created based upon a benchmarking study that we conducted with 20 commercial labels from six different brands (Fig 3-depicting a trial with one of the two designs developed based on commercial labels).
Fig 3.
Trial comprised of a Commercial Label.
For the sake of comparison, two commercial labels (one depicted here as it would appear in a single trial) were created based on the results of a benchmarking we conducted with 20 labels for indwelling, urinary catheters comprising six brands. For each trial of the testing, yoked label sections were randomized positionally so that any effect of placement of the information on the screen was mitigated.
Fig 4.
Probability of Correct Selection.
Comparison of the optimized label and two designs based on current commercial practice for probability of correct choice means with upper and lower limits. Differing letters indicate statistical significance.
Fig 5.
Estimated Time to Correct Selection.
Comparison of the optimized label and two designs based on current commercial practice on time to make a correct choice: Estimated least square means (LSM) with estimated upper and lower limits. Differing letters indicate statistical significance.