Fig 1.
System overview.
Fig 2.
MICS implanted antenna and antenna positioning.
a) front view of the implanted antenna; b) human model with the implanted antennas in the red squares and the external dipole; c) cross section of the arm with the implanted antennas.
Fig 3.
Return Loss of the implanted antenna.
S11 is about -10 dB at 403.5 MHz.
Fig 4.
3D Gain polar and radiation pattern plots of the implanted antenna.
a) 3 D gain polar plot, maximum gain equal to -55.37 dBi; b) 3D normalized radiation pattern polar plot; c) values of Eφ (dB) and Eθ (dB) in three different planes. The coordinate system is shown in figure. Maximum value -41.04 dB.
Fig 5.
Return Loss of the dipole antenna.
S11 is ~-12 dB at 403.5 MHz near the human body.
Fig 6.
3D Gain polar and radiation pattern plots of the dipole antenna.
a) 3D gain polar plot, maximum gain equal to -3.20 dBi; b) 3D normalized radiation pattern plot; c) Values of Eφ (dB) and Eθ (dB) in three different planes. The coordinate system is shown in figure. Maximum value 11.35 dB.
Fig 7.
a) helical antenna dimensions. b) position of the helical antenna near the human body.
Fig 8.
Return loss of the helical antenna.
S11 is ~-11 dB at 403.5 MHz near the human body (orange curve).
Fig 9.
3D Gain polar and radiation pattern plots of the helical antenna.
a) 3D gain polar plot, maximum gain equal to -7.06 dBi; b) 3D normalized radiation pattern polar plot; c) Values of Eφ (dB) and Eθ (dB) in three different planes. The coordinate system is shown in figure. Maximum value 7.34 dB.
Table 1.
Path loss values with dipole helical antenna.
Fig 10.
Path loss values as function of the distance between the implanted antenna and the external antenna and representation of the fitted model.
Fig 11.
psaSAR values with the half wave dipole.
a) psaSAR related to the external half-wave dipole positioned in front of the arm (scenario 1); b) psaSAR related to implant 1 (scenario 1); c) psaSAR related to implant 2 (scenario1); d) psaSAR related to the external half-wave dipole positioned on the back of the arm (scenario2); e) psaSAR related to implant 1(scenario2); f) psaSAR related to implant 2 (scenario2).
Fig 12.
psaSAR values with the helical dipole.
a) psaSAR related to the external helical dipole; b) psaSAR related to implant 1.
Table 2.
Link budget.