Fig 1.
Ichthyografical region and distribution of five species of Characidium.
Icthyogeografical region according to Vari and Malabarba [31] and Chiachio et al. [32] are A: Atlantic Coastal Drainage, B: Upper Parana basin, C: Uruguay basin and Coastal Drainage, D: Paraguay basin and Lower Parana, E: São Francisco basin and Drainages of Northeastern of Brazil, F: Amazon basin, G: Orinoco basin, and H: Coastal Drainage of Guyana. Blue lines show the principal waterbody of South America. The square shows the current distribution of the taxa considerer in this study.
Fig 2.
Time-calibrated phylogeny from BEAST analysis and reconstructed ancestral distributions from RASP.
This showing the interrelationship among species of Characidium and their divergence times. Numbers below branches are posterior probabilities obtained in the Bayesian Inference analysis. Each area is marked in colors that are seen in the pie charts node indicating the likelihood of occurrence in an ancient area (the codifications of these areas are in S1 Fig). On top of the pie charts the posterior probability of each tree node. The divergence time values (Mya) are in italics on the left side of the pie. A and B show the detail diagram of the center of origin of Characidium ancestor of the clade and their probabilities underlined. V and D represent vicariance or dispersion in each node.