Fig 1.
Chemical structures of rhodanine compounds 1–10 utilized in this study.
Table 1.
Solubility predictors (clog P and clog S) of rhodanine compounds.
Table 2.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of rhodanine compounds (μM) against vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE).
Table 3.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of rhodanine compounds (μM) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Table 4.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of rhodanine compounds (μM) against Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains.
Table 5.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of rhodanine compounds against Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax).
Table 6.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of rhodanine compounds (μM) against Bacillus Strains.
Table 7.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rhodanine compounds (μM) against Clostridium difficile.
Table 8.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of rhodanine compounds (μM) against Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Table 9.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of rhodanine compounds Gram-negative pathogens.
Table 10.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rhodanine compounds against Candida albicans.
Fig 2.
Efficacy of rhodanine compounds 2, vancomycin and linezolid (all at 1, 2, 4, and 8 X MIC μM) in disrupting an established methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis biofilm.
Fig 3.
Average absorbance ratio (relative cell viability) for cytotoxicity of rhodanine compounds against murine macrophage cells (J774.A1) (A), human keratinocytes (HaCat) (B), and human ileocecal colorectal (HRT-18) (C), using the MTS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. DMSO was used as a negative control to determine a baseline measurement for the cytotoxic impact of each compound. The absorbance values represent an average of a minimum of three samples analyzed for each compound. Error bars represent standard deviation values for the corrected absorbance values. A paired t-test, P-value ≤ 0.05, demonstrated statistical difference between the values obtained for compounds relative to the cells treated with DMSO.
Table 11.
Antimicrobial activity of Rhodanine compounds against MRSA USA300 in the presence of human serum albumin.
Table 12.
MICs of rhodanines against Gram-negative pathogens in the presence of sub MIC concentration of Colistin.
Table 13.
MICs of Rhodanines against Gram negative pathogens in the presence and absence of polymixin B nonapeptide (PMBN) (4 μg/mL).
Table 14.
MICs of Rhodanine and control antibiotics against Escherichia coli Δ acrAB.