Table 1.
Locations, habitat descriptions, mean δ2Hf (± SD), and number of feather samples (n) collected from 36 capture locations in northeastern Alberta, Canada.
Table 2.
Number of feather samples (n) collected from 21 songbird species breeding in northern Alberta, Canada.
Table 3.
Candidate models considered in this study.
Fig 1.
Mean δ2Hf (± 95% confidence intervals) for 278 ASY individuals of 21 songbird species breeding in northern Alberta, Canada, in 2013.
The dashed black and grey horizontal lines indicate the standard deviation of the residuals from Hobson et al. [17]'s δ2Hf transfer functions for ground (Ground) and non-ground foraging (Non-ground) songbirds, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was derived from 5000 pseudo-posterior trees; shorter branch lengths occur between species that are more closely related with each other. Also indicated are the sample size for each species and the six species removed from further analyses because they were believed to have molted their tail feathers on the wintering grounds or during migration.
Fig 2.
Mean δ2Hf (± 95% confidence intervals) for 4 songbird species breeding in northern Alberta, Canada, in 2011 and 2013.
The black and grey horizontal lines indicate standard deviation of the residuals from Hobson et al. [17]’s δ2Hf transfer functions for ground (Ground) and non-ground foraging (Non-ground) songbirds, respectively. Sample size is indicated above each bar.
Fig 3.
Mean δ2Hf (± 95% confidence intervals) for 15 songbird species grouped by diet and habitat association.
Individuals were captured in 2013 and assumed to have molted their feathers prior to fall migration the previous year. Means values are reported by diet and habitat association according to the Avian Life History Information Database (http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/wildspace/project.cfm). The black and grey horizontal lines indicate standard deviation of the residuals from Hobson et al. [17]’s δ2Hf transfer functions for ground (Ground) and non-ground foraging (Non-ground) songbirds, respectively. Also indicated is the number of samples for each category and species in brackets.