Fig 1.
Photograph of a cadaveric heart specimen showing the cavotricuspid isthmus area and a schematic view of the investigated heart region (mean ± standard deviations).
AV–atrioventricular; CS–coronary sinus ostium; FO–fossa ovalis; IVC–inferior vena cava.
Fig 2.
Scatter plots of age and (A) paraseptal isthmus; (B) central isthmus; (C) inferolateral isthmus; (D) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) length; (E) Eustachian ridge/valve length; (F) CTI area.
Fig 3.
Scatter plots of body mass index (BMI) and (A) paraseptal isthmus; (B) central isthmus; (C) inferolateral isthmus; (D) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) length; (E) Eustachian ridge/valve length; (F) CTI area.
Fig 4.
Scatter plots of heart weight and (A) paraseptal isthmus; (B) central isthmus; (C) inferolateral isthmus; (D) cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) length; (E) Eustachian ridge/valve length; (F) CTI area.
Table 1.
Results of obtained measurements.
Table 2.
Data distribution by sex–no statistically significant differences were observed except for the heart weight.
Fig 5.
Three different types of muscular arrangement in the middle sector of the cavotricuspid isthmus.
The anatomical position of samples has not been maintained during the taking photos to get a better picture of cavotricuspid isthmus sectors. (A) trabeculae (N = 87; 62.1%); (B) intertrabecular recesses (N = 35; 25.0%); (C) trabecular bridges (N = 18; 12.9%); *–electrocardiological catheter.
Fig 6.
Double sub-Eustachian recess (R1 and R2).
CS–coronary sinus ostium; ER–Eustachian ridge.
Fig 7.
Schemes of the final ramifications of the distal terminal crest muscle fibers (orange) into the lower part of the right atrium (types A–I; see Table 3).
Smaller bands branching from the major crest were not presented with the exception of types B and C in which the main muscle band is absent. CSO–coronary sinus ostium; CTI–cavotricuspid isthmus; EuchV–Eustachian valve; FO–fossa ovalis; IVC–inferior vena cava; SL–septal leaflet; SVC–superior vena cava.
Table 3.
Patterns of the final ramifications of the terminal crest muscle fibers into the lower part of the right atrium.
Table 4.
Comparison between results of the present study and those conducted previously (mean ± standard deviation).