Table 1.
Unimodal Benchmark Functions.
Table 2.
Multimodal Benchmark Functions.
Table 3.
Algorithm-dependent parameters of the comparison algorithms.
Table 4.
Results of unimodal benchmark functions.
Table 5.
The mean value of unimodal benchmark functions for HFA, FA, DE and PSO over 30 runs.
Table 6.
P-values at α = 0.05 by Friedman test.
Fig 1.
Comparison between PSO, DE, FA and HFA for the Sphere function.
Fig 2.
Comparison between PSO, DE, FA and HFA for Schwefel’s 1.20 function.
Fig 3.
Comparison between PSO, DE, FA and HFA for Rosenbrock’s function.
Table 7.
Results of multimodal benchmark functions.
Table 8.
The mean value of multimodal benchmark functions for HFA, FA, DE and PSO over 30 runs.
Table 9.
P-values at α = 0.05 by Friedman test.
Fig 4.
Comparison between PSO, DE, FA and HFA for Rastrigin’s function.
Fig 5.
Comparison between PSO, DE, FA and HFA for Ackley’s function.