Fig 1.
A literature screening flow diagram and quality assessment schematic diagram for the included articles.
(A) A flow diagram of screening eligible studies. (B) Presentation of data quality evaluated with the QUADAS-2 tool, showing “risk of bias” and “concerns of applicability” of each eligible study (with risk of bias in the “flow and timing” domain).
Fig 2.
The summary diagnostic indices of CA153 in BS for BC diagnosis exhibited in forest plots.
(A) sensitivity and specificity; (B) positive LR and negative LR; (C) DOR. These pooled indices indicate that CA153 in BS could be a useful indicator for the noninvasive diagnosis of BC. The individual index for each study is represented by circles, and the combined indices are shown as triangles.
Fig 3.
The overall diagnostic performance of CA153 in BS, shown by SROC.
Each circle represents a study. The SROC curve is symmetric and the AUC is 0.8614, suggesting a moderate diagnostic accuracy for BC.
Fig 4.
Publication bias is exhibited with a funnel plot.
Each point represents one study, and results demonstrate that publication bias does not exist.