Fig 1.
Flowchart of the proposed ICM–PSO method.
Fig 2.
Laplacian of Gaussian Filter.
Fig 3.
Flowchart of the modified ICM model.
Fig 4.
PSO–ICM algorithm.
Fig 5.
ICM algorithm.
Fig 6.
Four basic metrics to evaluate the performance between the segmented and ground truth images by expert [36].
Fig 7.
Convergence curve of the 20 sperm images.
Fig 8.
Resultant image for image frame 1 after the application of the (a) original image, (b) Abbiramy’s method, (c) Chang’s method, (d) manual ICM, (e) Carrillo’s method, (f) proposed method and (g) final detection of the sperm heads by the proposed method.
Fig 9.
Resultant image for image frame 2 after the application of the (a) original image, (b) Abbiramy’s method, (c) Chang’s method, (d) manual ICM, (e) Carrillo’s method, (f) proposed method and (g) final detection of the sperm heads by the proposed method.
Fig 10.
Resultant image for image frame 3 after the application of the (a) original image, (b) Abbiramy’s method, (c) Chang’s method, (d) manual ICM, (e) Carrillo’s method, (f) proposed method and (g) final detection of the sperm heads by the proposed method.
Table 1.
Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and average computation time per image from Abbiramy’s method, Chang’s method, ICM without PSO method, Carrillo’s method and the proposed method for 20 images (i.e. 1200 sperm cells).
Fig 11.
Resultant image of frame 1 with Gaussian noise after the (a) original image, (b) Abbiramy’s method, (c) Chang’s method, (d) manual ICM, (e) Carrillo’s method, (f) proposed method and (g) final detection of the sperm heads by the proposed method
Fig 12.
Resultant image of frame 2 with Gaussian noise after the (a) original image, (b) Abbiramy’s method, (c) Chang’s method, (d) manual ICM, (e) Carrillo’s method, (f) proposed method and (g) final detection of the sperm heads by the proposed method
Fig 13.
Resultant image of frame 3 with Gaussian noise after the (a) original image, (b) Abbiramy’s method, (c) Chang’s method, (d) manual ICM, (e) Carrillo’s method, (f) proposed method and (g) final detection of the sperm heads by the proposed method