Table 1.
Enhancement from DE-CESM in different histologic diagnoses.
Table 2.
Diagnostic performance of DE-CESM on different types of microcalcifications.
Fig 1.
A 57-year-old woman referred from a local hospital due to suspicious malignant microcalcifications (BI-RADS 4) on biennial mammographic screening.
(A) The low energy conventional mammogram on craniocaudal view showed a cluster of pleomorphic microcalcifications in the lower outer quadrant of left breast; however the sonographic evaluation revealed negative of associate mass. (B) CESM revealed a 0.7-cm irregular nodular enhancement over the associated microcalcifications. Stereotactic core needle biopsy diagnosed it to carcinoma in situ, however surgery subsequently proved it to be invasive ductal cancer.
Fig 2.
A 55-year-old woman receiving biennial mammographic screening with the finding of benign microcalcifications for 8 years was upgraded from BI-RADS category 3 to 4 in a recent examination because of increased microcalcifications.
(A) Low energy conventional mammogram on mediolateral oblique view showed segmental amorphous microcalcifications in the right breast; however the sonographic evaluation did not find any associated lesion. (B) CESM revealed a 3.3-cm irregularly shaped and outlined regional enhancement associated with the area of microcalcification. Subsequently, stereotactic core needle biopsy and surgery proved it to be an invasive ductal carcinoma.
Fig 3.
Performance of pleomorphic microcalcifications using ROC analysis.
Fig 4.
Performance of amorphous microcalcifications using ROC analysis.