Fig 1.
Effects of oral sensory stimulations on thirst quenching.
Figures display the volume of extra room temperature (RT) water consumed after a 400 mL experimental beverage. Legends correspond to the experimental beverage tested. Each inset on the figure displays the results of different experiments and each experiment was performed by a different group of participants. (A) (n = 20 participants): RT water (20–22°C) vs Cold water (6°C). (B) (n = 20): RT water vs RT carbonated water (C) (n = 15): Cold water vs Cold carbonated water. (D) (n = 15): Cold water vs Cold acidified water. (E) (n = 15): RT water vs Astringent water. (F) (n = 18): RT Sweet water vs RT Sweet Astringent water. Data are represented as mean +/- SEM. ** indicates statistical significance at p< 0.01 and * p<0.05.
Fig 2.
Effects of oral cold stimulation induced by menthol on thirst quenching.
Figures display the volume of extra room temperature (RT) water ingested 15 min after consuming a 400 mL experimental beverage. In this study all the experimental beverages were presented with a pretreatment, either blank or containing 0.04% l-menthol. The pretreatment solutions were presented at RT. Legends correspond to the experimental beverage tested with mention of menthol when present in the pretreatment. All the experimental beverages were tested in duplicate. (A) Coldness ratings of the experimental beverages: RT water (21°C) vs Cold water (6°C) vs RT water (21°C) with menthol-pretreatment (n = 12 participants). (B) Volume of extra RT water consumed. Data are represented as mean +/- SEM. ** indicates statistical significance at p< 0.01 and * at p<0.05.
Fig 3.
Estimated volume of beverages ingested when blind to the volume.
Participants were asked to estimate how much they just ingested after drinking an experimental beverage presented in a lidded and opaque cup, through a straw without touching the cup. Legends and dashed lines correspond to actual volumes of the samples. Each condition was tested in triplicate. (A), Three beverages were tested: room temperature water (RT), cold water (CD) and cold carbonated water (CC). Upper panel displays ingested volumes estimated by participants and lower panel shows the time of completion to drink the whole sample. Data are represented as mean +/- SEM * indicates statistical significance at p<0.05 vs RT. (B), Participants did the same task with RT and cold water but at a forced rate (slow (10 bpm) or fast (20 bpm)). Upper panel displays ingested volumes estimated by participants and lower panel shows the time recorded to finish drinking the whole sample. Data are represented as mean +/- SEM. (n = 10 participants).