Fig 1.
The flow chart of retrieved studies in meta-analysis.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies into meta-analysis.
Fig 2.
Funnel plot, using data from the 20 included studies in meta-analysis, with kappa displayed on the horizontal axis and S.E. (kappa) on the vertical axis; symmetrical plot shows the absence of publication bias.
Fig 3.
The overall Kappa coefficient: Squares represent kappa from individual studies with 95% confidence intervals; size of square is proportional to the weight assigned to included studies in the meta-analysis.
The diamond represents the overall results and 95% confidence interval of the random effect of the meta-analysis.
Fig 4.
Meta regression plot for effect of explanatory variables on variation of kappa estimate.
(A) Age. (B) Prevalence index. (B) Bias index.
Fig 5.
The overall prevalence adjusted bias adjusted kappa coefficient: Squares represent kappa from individual studies with 95% confidence intervals; size of square is proportional to the weight assigned to included studies in the meta-analysis.
The diamond represents the overall results and 95% confidence interval of the random effect of the meta-analysis.