Fig 1.
Sampling localities of N. mytilina along Pacific Patagonia (PP) and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI).
Shapefiles of the Patagonian coastlines available in the database of GEOdas (NOAA) and were filtered using GEOdas Coastline Extractor v. 1.1.3.1 (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geodas/geodas.html). 1) Tamar Island (PP); 2) London Island (PP); 3) Duntze Sound (SM); 4) Carlos III Island (SM), 5) Santa Ana Point (SM), 6) Carrera Point (SM), 7) Otway Sound (SM), 8) Chabunco (SM), 9) Laredo Bay (SM), 10) Possession Bay (SM), 11) Virginia Bay (CH), 12) Paula Bay (CH) and 13) Hookers Point. SM = Strait of Magellan, PP = Pacific Patagonia; CH = Cape Horn; FI = Falkland/Malvinas Islands. Photograph of N. mytilina over Macrocytis pyrifera courtesy of César Cárdenas (ccardenas@inach.cl).
Table 1.
Diversity indices and neutrality tests in Nacella mytilina along Pacific Patagonia and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands.
Table 2.
Pairwise GST (below the diagonal) and NST (above the diagonal) values calculated among the analyzed populations of Nacella mytilina.
20 000 iterations. Statistical significant differences are marked in bold.
Fig 2.
Spatial output from Geneland using all 13 N. mytilina populations.
Black circles indicate the relative position of the sampling localities. Darker and lighter shading are proportional to posterior probabilities of membership to clusters, with lighter (yellow) areas showing the highest probabilities of clusters. Posterior probabilities of membership were plotted to the shapefiles of the Patagonian coastline available in the database of GEOdas (NOAA) and filtered using GEOdas Coastline Extractor v 1.1.3.1 (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geodas/geodas.html).
Table 3.
Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) depicting the percentage of variation explained among groups (Pacific Patagonia and Falkland/Malvinas Islands), among populations within groups, and within populations.
FSC: differentiation within populations among groups; FCT: differentiation among groups (** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).
Fig 3.
A) Parsimony haplotype network including 300 individuals of Nacella mytilina mtDNA COI sequences from 13 localities along PP and FI. Each haplotype is represented by a colored circle indicating the locality where it was collected. Circles sizes are proportional to the frequency of the haplotype in the whole sampling effort. B) General maximum parsimony haplotype network including PP populations. C) General maximum parsimony network in Hookers Point, FI. The size of the haplotypes circles (B and C) is proportional to the their frequency.
Fig 4.
Pairwise difference distribution for the COI gene in N. mytilina populations from A) Pacific Patagonia (PP) and B) Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI).
X-axis = Pairwise differences and y-axis = frequency.
Table 4.
Thermodynamic integration (T.I.) and log Bayes factor (LBF) comparisons for different migration models between Pacific Patagonia (PP) and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI) in Nacella mytilina.
Table 5.
Estimates of migrations rates (m) in each direction and genetic diversities (Θ), based on the isolation-with-migration model implemented in IMa2.
Fig 5.
Marginal posterior probability distribution (frequency) of migration rate estimates in each direction for N. mytilina using IMa2.
a) Migration pattern estimations from Falkland/Malvinas Islands (FI) to Pacific Patagonia (PP). B) Migration pattern estimations from PP to FI.