Table 1.
Subject characteristics.
Table 2.
Values of selected variables.
Fig 1.
Illustration of co-activation index (CI) calculation.
The percentage of the gait cycle is presented on the X-axis (0: heel strike, 100: the following ipsilateral heel strike) and the normalized amplitude of EMG activity on the Y-axis (0–1). Lines represent the mean linear envelope of muscle 1 activation. Dashed lines represent the mean linear envelope of muscle 2 activation. Black color represent muscle activation in the control group. Blue color represent muscle activation in one child with DMD. The calculation index involved overlapping the linear envelopes of muscle 1 and muscle 2, calculating the area of overlap and dividing by the number of data points. Areas of coactivation are represented in grey (control group) and in blue (DMD patient).
Table 3.
Global index of muscle activity (Ker-EGI and global EMG-PS) and index of muscle activity for each muscle for the whole gait cycle, stance phase and swing phase (EMG-PS).
Fig 2.
DMD group EMG profiles superimposed on control group EMG profiles.
The percentage of the gait cycle is presented on the X-axis (0: heel strike, 100: the following ipsilateral heel strike) and the normalized amplitude of EMG activity on the Y-axis (0–1). The black (control group) and grey (DMD group) lines represent the mean linear envelope of muscle activation (mean of both sides). Dashed lines represent the mean ± standard deviation.
Table 4.
Between group comparison of the co activation index (mean and standard deviation).
Table 5.
Correlations between muscle activation, kinematics and functional status in children with DMD.