Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of MECHE cohort (n = 110).
Table 2.
Beta-cell function, resistin and adiponectin according to BMI categories.
Table 3.
Linear regression of anthropometric, biochemical and ceramide data against beta-cell function measures.
Fig 1.
The effect of 24 hour treatment with resistin, g-adiponectin, or both (representing different RA indices) on insulin secretion in BRIN-BD11 cell line.
Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001. ANOVA was applied across groups with post-hoc LSD test for comparison of resistin, g-adiponectin, and high and low RA index with no treatment (control). (A) Cells were incubated for 24 h with 0, 10 and 20ng ml-1 resistin and then stimulated with 16.7mM glucose + 10mM alanine to determine insulin secretion. (B) Cells were incubated for 24 h with 0, 10 and 20nmol l-1 g-adiponectin, and then stimulated with 16.7mM glucose + 10mM alanine to determine insulin secretion. Overall p-value = 0.00003. (C) Cells were incubated for 24 h with no treatment (control), high RA index (20ng ml-1 resistin, 5nmol l-1 g-adiponectin) and a low RA index (10ng ml-1 resistin, 10nmol l-1 g- adiponectin) and then stimulated with 16.7mM glucose + 10mM alanine to determine insulin secretion. Overall p-value = 0.0003.
Fig 2.
The effect of RA index on the plasma membrane potential.
BRIN-BD11 cells were treated for 24 h with a control (no treatment), high RA index (20ng ml-1 resistin, 5nmol l-1 g-adiponectin) and a low RA index (10ng ml-1 resistin, 10nmol l-1 g-adiponectin). Cells were stimulated with 16.7mM glucose + 10mM alanine at 100 seconds. Data was analysed by determining the difference in relative fluorescence units (RFU) between the average baseline and post stimulation values for each experiment (delta change %). The increase in fluorescence (normalised to baseline) upon stimulation was 26.4% for control, 23.5% for high RA index and 33.9% for low RA index. Statistically significant differences exist upon the increase in RFU between control treatment and low RA index (p = 0.009) and high and low RA index (p = 0.003). Overall ANOVA p = 0.007. Values are represented as mean values (n = 5).
Fig 3.
Gene expression analysis of BRIN-BD11 cells treated with RA index.
Low RA index significantly increases (A) ADIPOR1 and (B) ADIPOR2 mRNA expression in BRIN-BD11 cells. (C) No effect on INSR expression was observed when cells were treated with high and low RA index. (D) PDX1 expression was not altered by high or low RA index treatment. Experiments n = 6, *p < 0.05 versus the respective control.