Fig 1.
Location of 22 grids and five transects where woylie monitoring was conducted in the Upper Warren, south-western Australia, between 1994 and 2012.
Grey shading represents state owned forest managed by the Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife. White shading represents privately owned land used for livestock farming and forestry.
Table 1.
Categories of disturbance at grid and transect locations based on road density, proximity to agriculture and time since timber harvesting.
Fig 2.
Mean capture rate at 22 grid locations between 1994 and 2009.
Grey solid line represents the mean capture rate of the 18 sites that had similar abundance curve profiles and the grey shading indicates standard error. The remaining lines represent sites that were unusual either because they had different shaped abundance curves (K2-2, K3-1 and K3-2) or peaked and declined earlier than all other sites (C1). Bars associated with the mean of the similar 18 sites in 2009 indicate standard error.
Fig 3.
Mean capture rate at five transects in the Upper Warren between 2001 and 2012.
Fig 4.
Mean capture rate of grid sites over time grouped by level of disturbance.
a) Road density. Low: <1500 m, n = 6. Intermediate: 1600–2400 m, n = 6. High: >2400 m, n = 6. b) Proximity to agriculture. Low: >900 m, n = 4. Intermediate: 400–810 m, n = 6. High: <300 m, n = 8. c) Time since timber harvest. Low: 44 yrs in 1994, n = 2; 45 yrs in 1995, n = 3; 46 yrs in 1996 onwards, n = 2. Intermediate: 21–24 yrs in 1994, n = 10; 25 yrs in 1995, n = 6; 26 yrs in 1996 onward, n = 5. High: harvested in 1995 or 1996, n = 9 in 1995 and n = 11 in 1996 onwards. Transparent grey vertical line indicates time of commencement of quarterly aerial fox baiting. In Fig 3C, site classification varied between 1994 and 1996 so 1994 and 1995 are represented by data points only. In 1994, there were no sites classified as highly disturbed by timber harvesting. Bars indicate standard error.
Fig 5.
Mean capture rate of trap points at Balban transect over time grouped by level of disturbance.
a) Proximity to agriculture. Low: >2000 m, n = 11. Intermediate: 1000–2000 m, n = 18. High: <1000 m, n = 22. b) Road density. Low: <1500 m, n = 16. Intermediate: 1500–2000 m, n = 16. High: >2000 m, n = 17. Bars indicate standard error.
Fig 6.
Mean capture rate of trap points at Warrup transect over time grouped by level of disturbance.
a) Time since timber harvesting. Low: >42 years, n = 29. Intermediate: 22 years, n = 16. b) Proximity to agriculture. Low: >2000 m, n = 11. Intermediate: 1000–2000 m, n = 27. High: <1000 m, n = 12. c) Road density. Low: <1500 m, n = 12. Intermediate: 1500–2000 m, n = 10. High: >2500 m, n = 13. Note: there was no high disturbance category for time since timber harvesting for the Warrup transect. Bars indicate standard error.
Fig 7.
Mean capture rate of the Boyicup, Camelar and Moopinup transect trap points over time grouped by level of disturbance.
a) Proximity to agriculture. Low: >2000 m, n = 47. Intermediate: 1000–2000 m, n = 47. High: <1000 m, n = 49. b) Road density. Low: <1200 m, n = 40. Intermediate: 1200–1800 m, n = 50. High: >1800 m, n = 53. Bars indicate standard error.
Fig 8.
Analysis of Principal Coordinates (PCO) based on the time since timber harvesting, proximity to agriculture and road density of each of 22 grids between 1996 and 2009.
Blue vector overlays represent Pearson’s correlation coefficients of mean capture rate during a particular year against the PCO axes. Black vector overlays represent Pearson’s correlation coefficients of these variables against the PCO axes. Vector length indicates strength of correlation. The analysis was based on Euclidian distances calculated from square-root transformed values.
Fig 9.
Analysis of Principal Coordinates (PCO) based on the time since timber harvesting, proximity to agriculture and road density of 242 trap points along five transects in the Upper Warren (Boyicup, Moopinup, Camelar, Warrup and Balban).
Vector overlays labelled with year represent Pearson’s correlation coefficients of mean capture rate during a particular year against the PCO axes. Vector overlays labelled with landscape variables represent Pearson’s correlation coefficients of these variables against the PCO axes. Vector length indicates strength of correlation. The analysis was based on Euclidian distances calculated from square-root transformed values.