Fig 1.
Cobb angle measurements for coronal deviation of the main thoracic and (thoraco)lumbar curve was performed on the coronal slice on which the curve was best visible.
Anterior-posterior axis of the endplate was automatically found as the line through the centroid of the spinal canal segmentation and centroid of the endplate segmentation. Based on the anterior-posterior axis, the coordinates of the most anterior and most posterior part of each endplate was found. Length was calculated as a summation of distances between these points for the anterior and posterior aspects of the endplate, and for each vertebra and for each disc, respectively. The total anterior length of the main thoracic curve and (thoraco)lumbar curve are illustrated in green and red on a 3-D spinal reconstruction, respectively.
Table 1.
Demographic data are shown for the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and matched controls.
Table 2.
Differences in three-dimensional measurements are shown for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) subjects and the thoracic (T4-T12) and lumbar (L1-L5) spine in matched controls.
Table 3.
Differences in three-dimensional measurements are shown for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis subjects with three different curve types.
Table 4.
Percentage anterior-posterior length discrepancy and axial rotation are shown for different regions of the scoliotic spine.
Δ(A-P) = anterior-posterior length discrepancy.
Fig 2.
Correlation between Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve on standing radiographs versus prone CT scans, between the deformation in three-dimensions.
Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r), linear regression equations and significance levels are shown including the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). For the control group, mean and standard deviations (error bars) are shown.
Fig 3.
Posterior-anterior and lateral radiographs, and computed tomography reconstructions (OsiriX 64-bit; OsiriX Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA) are shown from an anterior and anterolateral view.
In this representative 15-year-old patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with a typical thoracic curve pattern, anterior overgrowth cannot be observed on the lateral radiography. The rotated lordoses of both thoracic and the (thoraco)lumbar curvatures, with a clearly longer anterior spinal column than posterior elements, are shown in red, and the straight junctional segment in-between in green from a true lateral view for these regions.