Fig 1.
The central nervous system of A.lucorum.
(A) Diagram of the body of A. lucorum showing the location and composition of the central nervous system (CNS). (B) Confocal image of the section showing the location and composition of the CNS in the body of A. lucorum. (C) Dissected CNS with all ganglia. AN, antennal nerve; AL, antennal lobe; Br, brain; CNS, central nervous system; Con, connective; ES, esophagus; GNG: gnathal ganglion; OL, optic lobe; PG, posterior ganglion; proTG, prothoracic ganglion. Directions: a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior, v, ventral. Scale bars: 1 mm in A, 100 μm in B and C.
Fig 2.
Three-dimensional reconstructions including antennal sensory pathways in the central nervous system.
(A) Three-dimensional reconstruction model of the CNS in a ventral view. (B) Three-dimensional reconstruction model of the CNS in a lateral view. (C) Confocal image showing the antennal sensory pathway in the CNS. (D) Three-dimensional reconstruction model showing the antennal sensory pathway (indicated by arrows) in the CNS in a ventral view. (E) Three-dimensional reconstruction model showing the antennal pathway in the CNS in a lateral view. (F) Three-dimensional reconstruction of tracts of antennal sensory neurons in a ventral view. (G) Three-dimensional reconstruction of tracts of antennal sensory neurons in a lateral view. AG, abdominal ganglion; AN, antennal nerve; AL, antennal lobe; AMMC, antennal mechanosensory and motor center; Con, connective; ES, esophagus; GNG: gnathal ganglion; mesoTG, mesothoracic ganglion; metaTG, metathoracic ganglion; OL, optic lobe; PE, protocerebrum; PG, posterior ganglion; proTG, prothoracic ganglion; TR, tritocerebrum. Directions: a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior, v, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig 3.
Confocal images of the antennal lobe with staining of antennal sensory neurons.
(A) Confocal image of the AL showing the innervation of antennal sensory neurons throughtout the AL. (B-E) Confocal images of the AL with staining of antennal sensory neurons at different depths. (B) 18 μm. (C) 33 μm. (D) 45 μm. (E) 57 μm. AN, antennal nerve; AL, antennal lobe; AMMC, antennal mechanosensory and motor center; ES, esophagus. Directions: a, anterior; m, medial. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig 4.
Close view of different projections of antennal sensory pathways in the brain, gnathal ganglion, and prothoracic ganglion.
(A) Three-dimensional reconstruction model showing the antennal sensory pathway (indicated by arrows) in the brain, GNG, and proTG in a ventral view. (B) Three-dimensional reconstruction model showing antennal sensory pathways (indicated by arrows) in the brain, GNG, and proTG in a lateral view. (C) Three-dimensional reconstruction model showing different tracts of antennal sensory pathway in the brain, GNG, and proTG in a ventral view. (D) Three-dimensional reconstruction model showing different tracts of antennal sensory pathways in the brain, GNG, and proTG in a lateral view. (E-I) Confocal image of the GNG and proTG with different tracts of antennal sensory pathway at different depths. (E) 12 μm. (F) 21 μm. (G) 30 μm. (H) 39 μm. (I) 48 μm. GNG, gnathal ganglion; proTG, prothoracic ganglion. Directions: a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior, v, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig 5.
Close view of projections of antennal sensory pathway in posterior ganglion.
(A) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the PG with axons of antennal sensory neurons (ventral view). (B) Three-dimensional reconstruction model of the posterior ganglion with axons of antennal sensory neurons (lateral view). (C) Confocal image of the PG at the depth of 45 μm showing axons of antennal sensory neurons (indicated by arrows) in the mesoTG and metaTG. (D) Confocal image of the PG at the depth of 51 μm showing axons of antennal sensory neurons (indicated by an arrow) in the AG. AG, abdominal ganglion; mesoTG, mesothoracic ganglion; metaTG, metathroacic ganglion. Directions: a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior, v, ventral. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig 6.
Confocal images and three-dimensional reconstructions of the antennal lobe glomeruli.
(A-F) Confocal images of AL sections at different depths. (A) 14 μm. (B) 22 μm. (C) 32 μm. (D) 40 μm. (E) 48 μm. (F) 56 μm. (G-L) Three-dimensional reconstructions of the AL in different views. (G) anterior view. (H) posterior view. (I) dorsal view. (J) ventral view. (K) lateral view. (L) medial view. ALG, antennal lobe glomerulus; AN, antennal nerve; cb, cell body cluster. Stars indicate AL hub. Directions: a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral; m, medial; p, posterior; v, ventral. Scale bars = 50 μm.