Fig 1.
Coefficient of determination of latent heat fluxes (PT-JPL model) as a function of the number of leading EOF components.
The left Y-axis is the contribution rate of covariance for each single EOF components (blue). The right Y-axis is the contribution rate of cumulative total of variance (red).
Fig 2.
Spatial distribution of the validation FLUXNET sites used in this study.
The maps were drawn by the MCD12C1 product for 2005.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the selected validation data at the FLUXNET sites (S1 Table).
Fig 3.
Comparison of MOD16 and PT-JPL with in situ and meteorological forcing data.
(a1) MOD16 vs in situ data. (a2) MOD16 vs meteorological forcing data. (b1) PT-JPL vs in situ data. (b2) PT-JPL vs meteorological forcing data.
Fig 4.
Direct validation results of EOF-integrated LE for FLUXNET sites at eight biomes: cropland (CRO), evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF), grassland (GRA), deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF), mixed forest (MF), savanna (SAW), shrubland (SHR) and evergreen needleleaf forest (ENF).
Fig 5.
Validation of the 8-day mean of predicted and observed LE at all sites in 2005.
Fig 6.
Validation of EOF, MOD16 and PT-JPL LE methods across different land use types.
8 day average LE prediction is compared to ground measurements. The solid line is the 1:1 line.
Fig 7.
EOF maintained major pattern of PT-JPL and removed the extreme values as compared with the SA, MOD16 and PT-JPL methods during the periods from February 10, 2005, to March 22, 2005, at the US-SO2 AmeriFlux Site.
The color bar is an 8-day composite LE. Dark gray color means no data (0 value).