Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of flip-chip boundary conditions.
Fig 2.
Underfilling Process Flow.
Fig 3.
Experimental setup of BGA.
Table 1.
Weighting functions for D3Q19.
Fig 4.
3D Lattice arrangements for D3Q19.
Fig 5.
Solder bump arrangement dimension on simulation model (Full orientation).
Table 2.
Solder bump counts in different solder bump arrangements/ orientations.
Fig 6.
LBM boundary conditions setup for periodic and bounce back conditions (①—Periodic boundary conditions, ②—Wall boundary conditions).
Table 3.
EMC encapsulant material properties.
Fig 7.
Capillary between two parallel plates: (a) The schematic diagram and (b) free body diagram.
Fig 8.
Real world WLCSP package [28] and its simulation model.
Fig 9.
Comparison between simulation and experiment (Orientation—perimeter).
Fig 10.
Comparison between simulation and experiment (Orientation—middle empty).
Fig 11.
Comparison between simulation and experiment (Orientation—full).
Fig 12.
Graph of comparison of simulation and experiment for all orientations.
Table 4.
Data from comparison between simulation and experiment (perimeter, middle empty and full).
Fig 13.
Width of ball grid array (BGA) surface (19 portions).
Fig 14.
Comparison between simulation and experiment by filling time (perimeter).
Fig 15.
Comparison between simulation and experiment by filling time (middle empty).
Fig 16.
Comparison between simulation and experiment by filling time (full).
Table 5.
Flow front fraction comparison between simulation and experiment at different filling time.
Fig 17.
Pressure distribution of fluid flow (Orientation-perimeter).
Fig 18.
Pressure distribution of fluid flow (Orientation-middle empty).
Fig 19.
Pressure distribution of fluid flow (Orientation-full).
Fig 20.
Position of Probe location in the simulation.
Fig 21.
Graph of pressure over time (full) from simulation data.
Fig 22.
Graph of pressure versus time (middle empty) from simulation data.
Fig 23.
Graph of pressure versus time (perimeter) from simulation data.
Fig 24.
Velocity distribution of fluid flow (Orientation-perimeter).
Fig 25.
Velocity distribution of fluid flow (Orientation-middle empty).
Fig 26.
Velocity distribution of fluid flow (Orientation-full).
Fig 27.
Percentage of volume of fraction (VOF) contour at different filling time for full orientation [37].