Fig 1.
Bayesian tree based on combined psaA and rbcL gene sequences.
Numbers on the branches indicate the corresponding posterior probabilities (PP, left) from Bayesian analysis and bootstrap values (BP, right) from maximum likelihood analysis. Only the PP (≥ 0.95) and BP (≥ 50%) are shown. The thick branches represent highest statistic supports (1.00 PP and 100% BP). Note that the trifurcation (asterisk) represents lack of bifurcation with 0.50 or more PP values in BI.
Fig 2.
Morphological examination of modern samples of Liagora japonica Yamada.
A: Habit (TNS-AL 195934). Scale bar = 1.0 cm. B: Herbarium specimen (TNS-AL 185628). Scale bar = 2.0 cm. C: Assimilatory filaments (TNS-AL 182118). Scale bar = 50 μm. D: Spermatangia (s) cut off from spermatangial parental cell (spc) (TNS-AL 190026). Scale bar = 10 μm. E: 4-celled carpogonial branch (TNS-AL 190026). cp = carpogonium. sc = supporting cell. Scale bar = 10 μm. F: 5-celled carpogonial branch (TNS-AL 182118). Scale bar = 30 μm. G: An early post-fertilization stage showing gonimoblast initial (gi), gonimoblast cells (arrowhead), and involucral filaments (arrows) (TNS-AL 182118). Scale bar = 20 μm. H: A later post-fertilization stage showing developing gonimoblast cells (arrowheads) and involucral filament (arrows) (TNS-AL 182118). Scale bar = 30 μm. I: Young carposporophyte showing the growth of the gonimoblast cells (arrowheads) and involucral filaments (arrows) (TNS-AL 182118). Note that the cells of carpogonial branch (cb) are not fused. Scale bar = 50 μm. J: Mature carposporophyte showing diffuse carposporophyte (TNS-AL 182118). Note that the cells of carpogonial branch remain distinct. Scale bar = 50 μm. K: Carposporangia (TNS-AL 190026). Note that carposporangia are not divided. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fig 3.
Reproductive structures of modern samples of Liagora japonica Yamada.
A: Spermatangia (s) cut off from spermatangial parental cell (spc) (TNS-AL 190026). Scale bar = 10 μm. B: 4-celled carpogonial branch (TNS-AL 190026). cp = carpogonium. sc = supporting cell. Scale bar = 10 μm. C: 5-celled carpogonial branch (TNS-AL 190026). Scale bar = 10 μm. D: An early post-fertilization stage showing gonimoblast cells (arrowhead) and involucral filaments (arrows) (TNS-AL 190026). Scale bar = 10 μm. E: A later post-fertilization stage showing developing gonimoblast cells (arrowheads) and involucral filaments (arrows) (TNS-AL 182118). Scale bar = 30 μm. F: Mature carposporophyte showing diffuse carposporophyte (TNS-AL 182118). Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig 4.
Morphological examination of historical materials of Liagora japonica Yamada.
A: Lectotype specimen. Scale bar = 2.0 cm. B: Herbarium specimen used in Chihara & Yoshizaki (1972) (TNS-AL 047542). Scale bar = 2.0 cm. C: A later post-fertilization stage showing developing gonimoblast cells (arrowheads) (Lectotype). Scale bar = 30 μm. D: Mature carposporophyte showing diffuse carposporophyte (TNS-AL 047542). Scale bar = 50 μm.
Table 1.
Morphological comparison among the description of Yamada [13] and Chihara and Yoshizaki [17], type specimens, and related samples with Liagora japonica.
Table 2.
Comparisons of features distinguishing among Liagora japonica, Liagora sensu stricto, and the genera with diffuse carposporophyte belonging to Liagoraceae.