Table 1.
Soil properties at the 0–5 cm depth at the three sampling time points with and without mulching treatments.
Table 2.
Soil properties at the 5–10-cm depth at the three sampling time points with and without mulching treatments.
Table 3.
Significance (P < 0.05) of soil properties, plant height, and trunk diameter at the two soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) over time after the three mulching treatments assessed by ANOVA of three replicates.
Table 4.
Physiological features of plants measured on May 23, 2014 in bare soil (CK) or soils treated with round gravel (RG), wood chips (WC), and manila turf grass (MG).
Fig 1.
Effects on plant height and trunk diameter according to mulch type.
The physiological parameters of plants grown in unmulched soil (CK) and those grown in soil mulched with round gravel (RG), wood chips (WC), and manila turf grass (MG) were measured on May 23, 2013 (A, D); October 23, 2013 (B, E); and May 23, 2014 (C, F). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences between treatments (P< 0.05, n = 3). Bars indicate standard deviation.