Fig 1.
Sample of Landsat tiles distributed across major ecozones of Canada [57].
Table 1.
Landscape pattern indices that were calculated on an annual basis of forest cover.
Fig 2.
Heat-map scatterplots showing the relationships between the four landscape pattern indices in 2010 for the 5,000 ha landscapes (n = 18,185).
Fig 3.
Spatial correlograms of the four landscape pattern indices observed in 2010 for the 50,000 ha landscapes.
The dashed black lines indicate lag-large standard error bars for correlation (i.e., 95% confidence bounds). Only lag distances with at least 1,000 paired landscapes are shown.
Fig 4.
Temporal correlograms of forest cover observed for the 50,000 ha landscape extent.
Each boxplot has n = 1,662 landscapes and represents the distribution of autocorrelation values at each lag. Solid red line is correlation = 0. Dashed red lines represent ±2 standard errors of the mean correlation value (i.e., 95% confidence bounds). Lags with interquartile range outside ±2 standard errors are considered significant for all 50,000 ha landscapes.
Fig 5.
Locations of 50,000 ha landscapes classed by landscape magnitude change across the boreal forest zone of Canada.
Fig 6.
Local polynomial regression curves of landscape proportion by pattern index for the 50,000 ha landscape extent from 1985 to 2010.
For all curves, n = 1,662 landscapes.
Fig 7.
Median Theil-Sen slope of forest cover from 1985 to 2010 for each ecozone and landscape extent.
Error bars indicate the upper and lower 95% confidence bounds. Asterisks (*) indicate significant (p < 0.05) monotonic trends from a Mann-Kendall test.
Fig 8.
Median Theil-Sen slope of largest forest patch index from 1985 to 2010 for each ecozone and landscape extent.
Error bars indicate the upper and lower 95% confidence bounds. Asterisks (*) indicate significant (p < 0.05) monotonic trends from a Mann-Kendall test.
Fig 9.
Median Theil-Sen slope of forest edge density from 1985 to 2010 for each ecozone and landscape extent.
Error bars indicate the upper and lower 95% confidence bounds. Asterisks (*) indicate significant (p < 0.05) monotonic trends from a Mann-Kendall test.
Fig 10.
Examples of high magnitude change pattern for a 50,000 ha landscape in central Ontario (right) and a 50,000 ha no change landscape in Northwest Territories (left).