Fig 1.
A) The XPS survey spectra obtained for the BASE(red) and RAPID (blue) implants as received. On both surfaces Ti, O, C, Al and F were detectable. B) High resolution XPS spectrum of the Ti2p core line for RAPID implant. The shape of the 2p doublet was fitted by to five sub-doublets. The doublet with the highest intensity corresponded to TiO2 component. The enlarged region presented the Ti2p3/2 peaks corresponded to hydrated water Ti-OH, various oxidation states and metallic state of titanium.
Table 1.
Atomic concentration of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and titanium calculated from C1s, N1s, O1s, Al2p, Ti2p and F1s core lines for BASE and RAPID implants.
Fig 2.
Electron microscope images obtained from magnification x500 recorded for BASE (a) and RAPID (b) implants as received.
The contrast from light to dark areas suggest a considerable degree of roughness of the analysed areas. Comparing (a and b) the surfaces of both type implants are quite similar.
Fig 3.
The chemical distribution maps of oxygen (a), carbon (b) and titanium (c) obtained for the RAPID implant.
The distribution of the elements is grain type with carbon spread all over the surface while titanium is almost homogenous.
Fig 4.
The C1s (a) and O1s (b) core lines recorded for as received and after photofunctionalization samples.
The lines in red show the decontamination effect of the UVC irradiation decreasing the hydrocarbons peak and increasing the Oxygen peak.
Fig 5.
Line shape analysis of C1s and O1s spectra for the implant as received (a and c) and after photofunctionalization (b and d).
Comparing (a and b) the intensity of the peak at 285 eV corresponding to the carbon contamination is highly reduced. The oxygen lines (c and d) show an increase in oxygen peak.
Table 2.
Atomic concentration calculations obtained from the AES and XPS spectra for the surfaces of RAPID implant as received and after UVC irradiation.
Fig 6.
Scheme representing the interactions of carboxyl and amine groups with TiO2 surface when exposed to the atmosphere.
The surface shown is TiO2 (110), with Ti (light blue) and O (orange). See text for details.