Fig 1.
Altitudinal map of the study site with the seven sampling areas.
Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Source: SIG–LEEB).
Fig 2.
a) Schematic drawing of the sampling units that were replicated every 100 m of altitude along the altitudinal gradient at Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (PELD–Long Term Ecological Research). Each sampling unit was composed by three 200 m long transects (solid lines) separated by 250 m. Within each transect we placed three traps (pitfalls) separated by 100 m (squares). The meteorological monitoring tower (black circle) was at the maximum distance of 300 m from transects; b) Diversity within transects (solid lines) is α1 diversity, diversity among transects is β1 diversity, diversity within an altitude (boxes) is α2 diversity and diversity among altitudes is β2 diversity.
Fig 3.
Dung beetles a) richness, b) abundance, c) α Simpson TD and d) α Rao FD along an altitudinal gradient at Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.Each point denotes the diversity of the altitude (sampling unit).
Fig 4.
a) Contribution of α1, β1 and β2 to γ taxonomic and functional diversities. α1 is transects diversity, β1 is diversity among transects and β2 is diversity among altitudes. α2 (diversity of the altitude) is obtained by adding α1 to β1; b) Contribution of turnover and nestedness to β2 taxonomic and functional diversity; values obtained with the complimentary analysis of multiple-site similarity.
Table 1.
Results of PERMANOVA with dung beetles communities along an altitudinal gradient at Serra do Cipó, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Fig 5.
a), b) and c) show the percentage of contribution of the β1 component to α2-TD/FD at each altitude along the gradient. d) Presents the percentage of contribution of the turnover component to β1-TD based on richness at each altitude along the gradient; the values were obtained after the complimentary analysis of multiple-site similarity.