Table 1.
Clinical characteristics in all study participants (n = 36).
Table 2.
Comparisons of clinical characteristics by underlying diseases.
Table 3.
Bone mineral density and bone metabolism marker levels in all study patients.
Fig 1.
Bone mineral density and bone metabolism marker levels according to the period of bed confinement in all study patients.
Because all patients had been bedridden from birth, the period of bed confinement was equal to their age. A) Correlation between the bone mineral density of lumbar spine vertebrae 2–4 in the anteroposterior projection and the period of bed confinement. Correlation between the bone metabolism marker levels, including the serum osteocalcin levels (B), urine N-terminal telopeptide levels (C), serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels (D), serum intact parathyroid hormone levels (E), serum calcium levels (F), serum phosphorus levels (G), and serum alkaline phosphatase levels (H), and period of bed confinement. Red lines indicate the cutoff value for osteoporosis (bone mineral density) and those for predicting bone fracture (osteocalcin and N-terminal telopeptide), as proposed by the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [17].
Table 4.
Baseline characteristics in 17 patients <30 years followed for 12 years.
Table 5.
Changes in bone metabolism markers during long bedridden periods.
Fig 2.
Changes in the bone mineral density and bone metabolism marker levels during a 12-year follow-up period in patients whose baseline age was <30 years.
Red lines indicate the cutoff value for osteoporosis (bone mineral density) and those for predicting bone fracture (osteocalcin and N-terminal telopeptide), as proposed by the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [17].
Fig 3.
Association between the bone metabolism marker levels at baseline with the bone mineral density during a follow-up of 12 years in patients whose baseline age was <30 years.