Table 1.
Main agricultural commodities produced in China.
Table 2.
Yield and Physico-Chemical Properties of Biochars.
Mean values followed by different letters within same rows are significantly different at P ≤ 0.05.
Fig 1.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on biochar yield from corn stover produced at different heating rates, holding times, particle sizes, reactor atmosphere and type (n = 22).
Fig 2.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on ash content in biochar from corn stover (n = 41).
Where available, pyrolysis holding time of a given data point is indicated by a letter with S—short (<0.5 hrs), M–medium (0.5–1 hr) and L–long (>1 hr). Atmosphere present inside the pyrolysis reactor is stated after the reference.
Fig 3.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on pH of biochar produced from corn stover (n = 15).
All pH values were determined in distilled or deionized water but at different char to water ratios.
Fig 4.
Van Krevelen diagram of original and carbonized corn stover.
(S–slow pyrolysis; F–fast pyrolysis; G–gasification; ND–not determined). (n = 31).
Table 3.
Surface area and pore properties of corn stover biochars.
Fig 5.
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on BET (N2) surface area of biochar produced from corn stover under slow (S) or fast (F) pyrolysis or gasification (G) conditions (n = 23).
Fig 6.
FTIR spectra of corn stover biochars produced at 300, 400 and 500°C.
Fig 7.
XRD spectra of corn stover biochars produced at 300, 400 and 500°C.
Fig 8.
TGA/DTG spectra of corn stover biochars produced at, 300°C, 400°C 500°C obtained in a N2 atmosphere.
Fig 9.
13 C NMR Spectra of Biochar- 500°C.
Table 4.
HHV and LHV of corn stover and biochars produced at 400 and 500°C.