Table 1.
Primers used in this study to detect pathogens in deer keds (Lipoptena fortisetosa) collected from Korean water deer.
Fig 1.
Morphology of the deer keds Lipoptena fortisetosa collected from a Korean water deer.
(A) Eight L. fortisetosa are 3.0 mm in length. (B) Close-up of the head of L. fortisetosa: protruded proboscis at the end of the head and compound eyes. Yellow bars indicate stump of wings. (C) Dorsal view of L. fortisetosa with strong claws at the end of six segmented legs. Bodies are coved by short hair. Head and thorax parts are nearly 1.4 mm in length. (D) Ventral view of L. fortisetosa. Marks on the ruler at the bottom of the insets in C and D are 1 mm apart.
Fig 2.
Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene in Lipoptena fortisetosa.
The two ked sequences (KED-1, 6) are marked by arrows. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the maximum likelihood method with 1,000 replicates. Scale bar represents the phylogenetic distance between sequences. Species, host, and GenBank accession numbers are included in the figure.
Table 2.
Pathogens detected in Lipoptena fortisetosa using PCR.
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic analysis of Coxiella 16S rRNA in Lipoptena fortisetosa.
All 5 Coxiella-like bacteria (CLB) in this study showed 100% identity with one another and with the Coxiella endosymbiont (AY342035) of Haemaphysalis longicornis in South Korea. CLB in this study are marked with arrows. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the maximum likelihood method with 1,000 replicates. Scale bar represents the phylogenetic distance between sequences. Species, host, region of isolation, and GenBank accession numbers are included in figure.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA in Theileria luwenshuni and T. ovis in Lipoptena fortisetosa.
All 6 T. luwenshuni detected in this study showed 100% identity with one another and with the Theileria sp. (FJ668369) identified from Korean water deer. All 6 T. ovis detected in this study showed 100% identity with one another and with T. ovis (GU726904) identified from a sheep in Iran. The sequences of T. luwenshuni and T. ovis are marked with an arrow and arrowhead, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the maximum likelihood method with 1,000 replicates. Scale bar represents the phylogenetic distance between sequences. Species, host, region of isolation, and GenBank accession numbers are included in the figure.