Table 1.
Female wolf breeder types in the Superior National Forest, 1972–2013 based on Mech et al. [24] formulaa.
Table 2.
Information about known-age female wolves ≥ 2-years old in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota captured from 1972 to 2013.
Table 3.
Female wolves in the Superior National Forest, 1972–2013, that bred or did not breed in a given year based on the Mech et al. [24] formula and/or our adjustments (8 wolves)a based on field studies.
Fifteen wolves with ambiguous classification and no additional field data (Table 1) were excluded.
Table 4.
Details about breeding status of female wolves ≥ 2-years old in the Superior National Forest that did not breed in their year of capture and for which past or future reproductive information is available.
No additional information was available for 17 more wolves that did not breed in their year of capture.
Table 5.
Proportion of wolves harvested throughout Minnesota wolf range November-January 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 that had bred the previous spring based on placental scars.
Table 6.
Deriving mean age of primiparity from Superior National Forest wolf breeder data in Table 3.
Table 7.
Deriving mean age of primiparity from wolf breeder data from throughout Minnesota wolf range (Table 5).
Table 8.
Percentage of female wolves excluding pups and yearlings that bred in various populations.