Fig 1.
Decision tree and Markov model for estimating cost-effectiveness of screening for hypertension.
Notes: HBP: high blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease. Patients start in the initial hypertension state. Patients can remain in this state or move to either acute CVD or CVD/non-CVD death. From the acute CVD state, patients can move to stable CVD or CVD/non-CVD death state, or may experience recurrent CVD events. From the stable CVD state, patients may stay in the same health state, or they may have a recurrence of CVD or can move to CVD/non-CVD death.
Table 1.
Intervention scenarios and time horizon.
Table 2.
Base-case model inputs and distribution.
Table 3.
Cost–effectiveness of screening for hypertension in alternative screening strategies for hypertension by age and sex in the 10 years model (per 1,000 people).
Fig 2.
Cost per QALY by different strategies and age group, lifetime model.
E1: Annual screening, E2: Biannual screening, E2 until 60+ E1: Biannual screening until 60 years old then annual screening until died, E2 until 55+ E1: Biannual screening until 55 years old then annual screening until died, E1&T.20%: Annual screening combined with increasing coverage of treatment by 20%, E2&T.20%: Biannual screening combined with increasing coverage of treatment by 20%.
Fig 3.
Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves of different screening strategies, lifetime horizon model.
E1: Annual screening, E2: Biannual screening, E2 till 60+ E1: Biannual screening until 60 years old then annual screening until died, E2 till 55+ E1: Biannual screening until 55 years old then annual screening until died, E1&T.20%: Annual screening combined with increasing coverage of treatment by 20%, E2&T.20%: Biannual screening combined with increasing coverage of treatment by 20%.