Fig 1.
(Left) Schematic diagram of a projection based 3D printing system with a digital micro-mirror device (Right) Schematic showing the step-and-print process for scale-up printing.
Fig 2.
Geometry design of the unit-cells.
The walls of the unit-cells (denoted as ribs) are approximately 40 micrometers wide and 100 micrometers deep.
Fig 3.
Stress-strain simulations of tubular constructs composed of unit-cells with cut missing-rib and intact-rib architectures.
Fig 4.
The fabricated tubular constructs.
A) PPR construct having intact rib unit-cells. B) NPR construct with cut-missing rib unit-cells.
Fig 5.
Measured Poisson’s ratio as a function of the expansion ratio for the tubular constructs composed of the cut-missing rib (NPR), and intact rib (PPR) unit-cell geometries.
(Three strain-dependent experiments were performed for each type of construct; each strain test was conducted with a different construct. Dark blue: test 1; orange: test 2; green: test 3; red: average of NPR constructs; blue: average of PPR constructs. Circles: NPR constructs; squares, PPR constructs. Dotted red lines: logarithmic fits to the average of NPR constructs; Dotted blue lines: logarithmic fits to the average of PPR constructs.)
Fig 6.
Optical images of the pulling test of PPR and NPR tubular constructs.
A) a PPR construct showing a radial contraction and B) an NPR construct demonstrating a radial expansion in the tubular construct.
Fig 7.
Stress-strain plot of the simulation and experiment at the PPR and NPR constructs.
(Large blue-color square: simulation result at PPR construct, Large red-color circle: simulation result at NPR construct, small blue-color square: experiment result at PPR construct, small red-color circle: experiment result at NPR construct.)
Fig 8.
Microscopic images of stained actin filaments (A, D), nuclei (B, E) and merged results (C, F) on the constructs (day 7).
A) ~ C) Cut-missing rib (NPR) construct, D) ~ F) Intact rib (PPR) construct.
Fig 9.
Cell proliferation results on Cut-missing rib (PPR, white) and Intact rib (NRP, grey) constructs.
Bars: 1 S.D., n = 6. Asterisks: columns below line are significantly different (p < 0.05)