Fig 1.
Location of study sites and participating health facilities.
Fig 2.
1 Fever on the day of consultation (body temperature measured axillary >37.5°C); fever duration ≥3 days; headache since the start of the fever. 2 IgM lateral flow assay
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by case definition.
Fig 3.
Distribution of individual level risk factors by case definition [1].
1 Type I controls were individuals negative to both serology and culture (n = 305); Type II controls were individuals negative to serology and with a diagnosis other than typhoid (n = 144); Type I cases were individuals with a culture positive result regardless of serological result (n = 174); Type II cases were individuals who had a culture negative but seropositive results (n = 310); 2 Continuous score with values between 0 = Never and 3 = Always. 3 Categorical variable 0 = Sometimes/Never, 1 = Often, 2 = Always. 4 Categorical variable 1 = Less than once a week, 2 = Once a week, 3 = Few times a week, 4 = Every day
Table 2.
Estimated effect of individual level behavioural risk factors on the odds of typhoid1,2.
Table 3.
Population attributable fraction (PAF) and 95% CI of increased odds of typhoid infection for each behavioural risk factor, by type of setting1.
Table 4.
Population attributable fraction (PAF) and 95% CI of increased odds of typhoid infection for each behavioural risk factor, by island 1.