Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
Table 2.
Prevalence of HAdV DNA in patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.
Table 3.
Prevalence of EBV DNA in patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.
Table 4.
Prevalence HAdV and EBV co-infection in patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.
Fig 1.
Viral DNA titers in the palatine tonsils from patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.
HAdV (A) and EBV (B) DNA copy number (log10/106 cells) is shown as the sum of the virus DNA copy numbers in the isolated T and B cell-enriched populations from each tonsil. Each data point indicates a patient´s single tonsil (left or right) sample. Age groups (1–9 years, 10–19 years and ≥20 years) are shown on x-axis. Dotted line represents the threshold below which virus DNA was undetectable. The horizontal bar shows median value for each group. ** p<0.01, determined by one-way ANOVA test.
Fig 2.
Seasonal detection of HAdV and EBV DNA in patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis.
HAdV (A) and EBV (B) DNA copy numbers in patients diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis are shown. Each data point represents the respective viral copy number (log10/106 cells) and indicates the sum of the virus titers in each patient´s left and right tonsil samples. Winter: Dec, Jan, Feb, Spring: Mar, Apr, May, Summer: Jun, Jul, Aug, Autumn: Sep, Oct, Nov. Dotted line represents the threshold below which virus DNA was undetectable. The line in the middle of the box is plotted at the median. *p<0.05, ** p<0.01, **** p<0.0001, determined by one-way ANOVA or unpaired t-test.
Fig 3.
Accumulation of HAdV DNA in tonsillar B and T cell-enriched fractions obtained from infected tonsils.
HAdV is predominantly detected in tonsillar T lymphocytes. HAdV DNA copy number is shown in tonsillar B and T cell-enriched fractions in patients with tonsillar hypertrophy (A) and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis (B). Tonsils infected in either B or T cells (i) and tonsils infected in both B and T cells (ii) are shown. Triangles and circles represent the HAdV DNA copy numbers (log10/106 cells) in enriched B and T lymphocyte fractions. Each line connects the B and T cell data points belonging to a single tonsil sample. Dotted line represents the threshold below which virus DNA was undetectable. **** p<0.0001, determined by paired t-test.
Fig 4.
Accumulation of EBV DNA in tonsillar B and T cell-enriched fractions obtained from infected tonsils.
EBV DNA is predominantly detected in tonsillar B cell-enriched fraction. EBV DNA copy number is shown in tonsillar B and T cell-enriched fractions in patients with tonsillar hypertrophy (A) and chronic/recurrent tonsillitis (B). Tonsils infected in either B or T cells (i) and tonsils infected in both B and T cells (ii) are shown. Triangles and circles represent the EBV DNA copy numbers (log10/106 cells) in enriched B and T lymphocyte fractions. Each line connects the B and T cell data points belonging to a single tonsil sample. Dotted line represents the threshold below which virus DNA was undetectable. *p<0.05, **** p<0.0001, determined by paired t-test.
Fig 5.
HAdV and EBV DNA copy number in infected tonsils.
Each data point indicates the ratio (log10) of HAdV (A) and EBV (B) DNA copy number in T cells to the virus DNA copy number in B cell-enriched fraction (T/B ratio). Age groups (1–9 years, 10–19 years and ≥20 years) are shown on x-axis. The horizontal bar shows median value for each group.
Table 5.
HAdV genotype distribution.