Table 1.
Subjective grouping, mean PC scores, k-means clustering, voucher, and collection information for the plants used in this study.
Fig 1.
Five point morphometric landmarking scheme for exemplar Core Goodeniaceae taxa.
Images of two species (Scaevola porocarya—a fan-flower in Scaevola s.l., and Verreauxia reinwardtii—a bilabiate flower in Goodenia s.l.) showing the positions of the 5 landmarks. Dorsal (D), lateral (L), and ventral (V) petals are labelled.
Fig 2.
Variation in Core Goodeniaceae floral morphology described by PC1 and PC2.
Relative directional influence of the two major principal components of floral landmark variation. The five landmarks are arranged as described by PC scores of zero and zero, with vectors showing shifts associated with PC scores going to ±0.4.
Fig 3.
Box plots of variation in 335 PC1 and PC2 scores for 44 Core Goodeniaceae species and Dampiera lindleyi.
The species are organized by decreasing value of PC1 (black), dorsalizing the dorsal petals (decreasing the angle between them). Increasing values of PC2 (gray) primarily ventralize the lateral petals (decreasing the angle between them). The outline of each flower is shown above clade membership denoted with “G” (Goodenia s.l.) or “S” (Scaevola s.l.). Boxes denote median values along with quartiles.
Fig 4.
PC1 and PC2 variation in Core Goodeniaceae partitioned by clade and by k-means cluster group.
Box plots of PC1 and PC2 scores by clade and by k-means morphological clusters. Boxes denote median values along with quartiles. Below, average landmark positions are superimposed over a flower outline for each group.
Fig 5.
Morphological clustering of Core Goodeniaceae floral diversity.
Individuals (dots) and species averages (flower outlines) are depicted in a biplot of their scores for PC1 and PC2 from morphometric analysis. K-means = 1 (fan-flowered) individuals are green, k-means = 2 individuals (bilabiate) are blue, and k-means = 3 (pseudo-radial) individuals are red. Species for which individuals occur in different k-means clusters are illustrated by the proportions of colors depicted in the flower outlines. The flower outline color represents the k-means cluster in the majority, and blue dots indicate when subjective grouping called k-means = 3 (pseudo-radial) species bilabiate.