Table 1.
Localities, voucher details and GenBank accession numbers of the reference species generated through this study.
Table 2.
List of the agarwood samples tested in this study.
Fig 1.
Test samples used in this study.
(a) Bead (BD), (b) Cigarette stick (CS), (c) Wood block 1 (WB1), (d) Wood block 2 (WB2), (e) Wood chip 1 (WC1), (f) Wood chip 2 (WC2), (g) Wood chip 3 (WC3), and (h) Processed leaf (PL).
Table 3.
Details on the PCR primers used in this study.
Table 4.
Barcode sequences downloaded from NCBI GenBank and sequences generated from this study and used in TaxonDNA analysis.
Underlined GenBank accession numbers indicate the sequences generated from this study.
Table 5.
Evaluation of the eight DNA barcode loci.
Table 6.
Genetic distance percentage generated using Kimura 2-parameter model analysis for the candidate barcode loci and their combinations.
Table 7.
Species identification success rate based on TaxonDNA analysis
Fig 2.
Neighbor-joining trees constructed from combination markers that yielded high species resolution identified from TaxonDNA.
(a) trnL-trnF+ITS, (b) trnL-trnF+ITS2, (c) trnL-trnF+psbA-trnH+ITS2, (d) rbcL+trnL-trnF+ITS.
Fig 3.
Neighbor-joining tree constructed using trnL-trnF+ITS2 for agarwood origin identification.
Fig 4.
Neighbor-joining tree constructed using matK+trnL-trnF+ITS2 showing geographical clustering pattern in Aquilaria species.
Table 8.
Nucleotide identity match for agarwood sample BD, WB1 and WB2 based on trnL-trnF and ITS2 using BLAST analysis