Table 1.
Ingredient composition, nutrient and energy content of the HF and LF diets.
Fig 1.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot comparing the fingerprint of pigs (n = 4 per treatment) fed the HF and LF diet for seven weeks using chip-based capillary electrophoresis data.
HF, high-fat/low-fiber (); LF, low-fat/high-fiber (
). Data were standardized (%) but untransformed prior to the use of the Bray–Curtis similarity algorithm. A 2D stress value of 0.17 indicates that there is no real prospect of misinterpretation. See S2 Table for identification of sample numbers.
Fig 2.
Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordination of the fingerprint data of pigs (n = 4 per treatment) using chip-based capillary electrophoresis from base to week 7 for (A) LF, and (B) HF pigs, where the centroids, representing the average plotting position of the four pigs sampled at each week, are ordinated.
HF, low-fat/high-fiber; LF, low-fat/high-fiber; B, base samples; W, week. Data were standardized (%). The Bray Curtis similarity algorithm was used to measure similarity between centroids. PCO1 and PCO2 account for (A) 85.4% and (B) 87.8% of the total original variation between weeks.
Fig 3.
Mean values of bacterial numbers in feces of pigs (n = 4 per treatment) fed the HF and LF diet for seven weeks.
HF, high-fat/low-fiber (red bars); LF, low-fat/high-fiber (green bars); FM, fresh matter. Values represent least squares means ± SEM. P<0.05*, P<0.01**, P<0.001***.
Fig 4.
Mean values of bacterial numbers in feces of pigs (n = 4 per treatment) at the base status compared to week 1 of the experiment, HF and LF.
HF, high-fat/low-fiber; LF, low- fat/high-fiber; FM, fresh matter. Values represent least squares means ± SEM. P<0.05*, P<0.01**, P<0.001***.
Fig 5.
Box-and-Whisker plots of enterobacteria numbers in feces of pigs (n = 4 per treatment).
HF, high- fat/low-fiber; LF, low-fat/high-fiber; FM, fresh matter. For HF and LF from base status (0) to week 7. In all the plots, upper and lower bounds of the box denote the 75th and 25th percentiles, the symbol in the box interior represents the group mean, the horizontal line in the box interior represents the group median and the vertical lines (whiskers) issuing from the box extend to the group minimum and the maximum values. P<0.001***.
Table 2.
Development of bacterial numbers in feces of pigs (n = 4 per treatment) over time (log10 16S ribosomal RNA gene copies/g FM).
Fig 6.
Distribution of identified peptides (A) and phylogenetic distribution of identified proteins (B) in the fecal samples (n = 1 each, measured in technical triplicates) from the base animals, HF and LF diet treated animals (W1: week 1 and W7: week7).
HF, high-fat/low-fiber; LF, low-fat/high-fiber.
Fig 7.
Distribution of cluster of orthologous groups (COG) classes of proteins identified in the fecal samples (n = 1 each, measured in technical triplicates) from the base animals, HF and LF diet treated animals (W1: week 1 and W7:week7).
HF, high-fat/low-fiber; LF, low-fat/high-fiber; C, Energy production and conversion; D, Cell cycle control and mitosis; E, Amino Acid metabolism and transport; G, Carbohydrate metabolism and transport; H, Coenzyme metabolism; I, Lipid metabolism; J, Translation; K, Transcription; M, Cell wall/membrane/envelop biogenesis; N, Cell motility; O, Post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperone functions; P, Inorganic ion transport and metabolism; R, General Functional Prediction only; S, Function Unknown; T, Signal Transduction; U, Intracellular trafficing and secretion.
Table 3.
Development of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ammonia contents in feces of pigs (n = 4 per treatment) over time.