Table 1.
Definitions of independent variables tested for correlation with mean daily recumbence.
Fig 1.
Mean daily recumbence in zoo elephants.
Black bars indicate African (n = 44), grey bars indicate Asian (n = 28).
Fig 2.
Standing and recumbence patterns of a representative African (a) and Asian (b) zoo elephant over five days. These elephants were coincidentally both non-recumbent on the third day of data collection. S = standing; R = recumbent.
Fig 3.
Recumbence profile showing daily distributions of recumbence in zoo elephants.
Light grey indicates Asian elephants (n = 28), dark grey indicates African elephants (n = 44), black shows both species combined (n = 72). The lines of the curves connect mean hourly values. Areas under the curves represent total time recumbent.
Table 2.
Summary of recumbence data for African and Asian zoo elephants.
A t-test was used to test for a difference in the means between species in each of the variables (*P < 0.05).
Table 3.
Univariate correlations between mean daily recumbence and independent variables in African zoo elephants.
Table 4.
Univariate correlations between mean daily recumbence and independent variables in Asian zoo elephants.
Table 5.
Descriptive statistics for independent variables included in the multi-variable modeling process.
The sample size and mean age of elephants used in the correlation is provided.
Table 6.
African elephant mean daily recumbence multi-variable model (*P < 0.05)1.
Table 7.
Asian elephant mean daily recumbence multi-variable model (*P < 0.05)1.