Fig 1.
Preference for different fruit species by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata females in a Y-tube olfactometer.
Bars show the number of females visiting each option in each pair-wise combination among the four fruit species (experiment 1). G-test level of significance: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Fig 2.
Preference of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata females for fruit with different levels of infestation by Ceratitis capitata.
Bars show the number of females visiting each option in the experiment 2. H: high infestation level; L: low infestation level. G-test level of significance: n.s. = non-significant; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. n.s.
Fig 3.
Effect of previous experience on the preference of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata females for different fruit species.
Bars show the number of females (conditioned either on apple or orange) visiting each option in the experiment 3. G-test level of significance: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Fig 4.
Quality of different fruit species as foraging substrates.
a) Mean parasitism rate by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata recorded in different fruit species infested by Ceratitis capitata larvae. b) Mean density of larvae offered during infested fruit exposure in experiment 4. Bars show the standard error of the mean.
Fig 5.
Survival curves for adult Diachasmimorpha longicaudata reared on Ceratitis capitata larvae that developed in different host fruit.
Different fruit species are labelled with a different shape: Apple: circles; Fig: squares; Orange: triangles; Peach: diamonds. (a) males and (b) females.
Table 1.
Mean fecundity (mean ± S.E.), total fecundity (mean ± S.E.), sex ratio (mean ± S.E.) and lifespan (mean ± S.E., in days) of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata reared in fruit fly larvae fed on different fruit species in experiment 5.
Table 2.
Pupal weight (mean ± S.E.) of Ceratitis capitata reared on different fruit species.
Fig 6.
Effect of fruit species on parasitoid size.
Mean wing length of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata reared on Ceratitis capitata larvae that developed in different host fruit. Bars show the standard error of the mean.